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福建省文物保护管理条例

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福建省文物保护管理条例

福建省人大常委会


福建省人民代表大会常务委员会关于颁布施行

《福建省文物保护管理条例》的公告

  《福建省文物保护管理条例》已由福建省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议于2009年8月2日修订,现将修订后的《福建省文物保护管理条例》予以公布,自2009年10月1日起施行。


福建省人民代表大会常务委员会

2009年8月2日






福建省文物保护管理条例

福建省文物保护管理条例
(1996年11月29日福建省第八届人民代表大会
常务委员会第二十七次会议通过
2009年8月2日福建省第十一届人民代表大会
常务委员会第十次会议修订)

  第一章总则


  第一条为了加强对文物的保护与管理,继承优秀的历史文化遗产,促进科学研究工作,进行爱国主义和革命传统教育,推动海峡两岸文化交流,根据《中华人民共和国文物保护法》等有关法律、法规,结合本省实际,制定本条例。
  第二条本条例所称的文物,包括:
  (一)具有历史、艺术、科学价值的古文化遗址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺和石刻、壁画;
  (二)与重大历史事件、革命运动或者著名人物有关的以及具有重要纪念意义、教育意义或者史料价值的近代现代重要史迹、实物、代表性建筑;
  (三)历史上各时代珍贵的艺术品、工艺美术品;
  (四)历史上各时代重要的文献资料以及具有历史、艺术、科学价值的手稿和图书资料等;
  (五)反映历史上各时代、各民族社会制度、社会生产、社会生活的代表性实物。
  文物认定的标准和办法,按照国家有关规定执行。
  具有科学价值的古脊椎动物化石和古人类化石同文物一样受国家保护。
  第三条地方各级人民政府负责本行政区域内的文物保护工作。文物行政主管部门对本行政区域内的文物保护实施监督管理。
  省、设区的市和文物较多的县级人民政府设立文物管理委员会,协调管理本行政区域内的文物保护工作,下设办事机构负责处理日常事务。
  县级以上地方人民政府有关行政部门在各自的职责范围内,负责有关的文物保护工作。
  第四条县级以上地方人民政府应当加强对文物保护工作的领导,将文物保护纳入国民经济和社会发展规划、土地利用总体规划、城乡建设规划和风景名胜区规划,协调解决文物保护工作中的重大问题,正确处理经济建设、社会发展与文物保护的关系,确保文物安全。
  第五条地方各级人民政府应当合理利用文物资源,弘扬优秀传统文化,发挥文物作用,推动社会经济文化发展。
  利用文物资源进行经营活动的,其经营活动不得违背文物保护法律、法规的规定,不得对文物及其周围环境造成破坏。
  文物行政主管部门应当对文物利用进行指导和监督,并向社会提供文物信息服务。
  第六条县级以上地方人民政府依法将文物保护管理经费列入本级财政预算,并根据文物保护工作的实际需要,设立专项经费,用于文物保护。用于文物保护的财政拨款随着财政收入增长而增加。
  鼓励公民、法人或者其他组织对文物保护事业进行捐赠,或者投资建设文物保护设施。
  第七条建立文物普查制度。省人民政府定期组织开展文物普查工作,设区的市、县级人民政府定期对本行政区域内的不可移动文物和馆藏文物进行普查登记,并向省人民政府文物行政主管部门备案。
  省人民政府文物行政主管部门根据文物保护的实际情况,加快文物信息数据库建设。
  第八条县级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门应当加强文物保护的宣传教育,增强全民文物保护意识,重视文物保护的研究和人才培养,提高文物保护的科学技术和管理水平。
  第九条任何单位和个人都有依法保护文物的义务。
  对在文物保护、管理、利用和捐赠中作出突出贡献的单位或者个人,县级以上地方人民政府及其文物行政主管部门应当依法给予表彰和奖励。


  第二章不可移动文物


  第十条省级文物保护单位,由省人民政府文物行政主管部门在市、县级文物保护单位中选择或者直接确定后报省人民政府核定公布,并报国务院备案。
  市级和县级文物保护单位,分别由设区的市和县级人民政府核定公布,并报省人民政府备案。
  鼓励和支持符合文物保护法律、法规规定的城市优秀近现代建筑依法申报文物保护单位。
尚未核定公布为文物保护单位的不可移动文物,由县级人民政府文物行政主管部门组织调查和审核后,对其名称、类别、位置、范围等事项予以登记并公布,报省和设区的市人民政府文物行政主管部门备案,并在一年内设立标志说明,建立记录档案。
  第十一条省级文物保护单位未经省人民政府批准,不得撤销。
市、县级文物保护单位未经原核定公布的人民政府和省人民政府文物行政主管部门批准,不得撤销。
  第十二条国有文物保护单位的使用人,应当与所在地县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门签订《文物保护单位保护使用责任书》,负责做好文物的保养、修缮与安全防范等工作,不得有损毁、改建、添建、拆除、彩绘等改变文物结构和原状的行为,并接受县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门的指导和监督。
  非国有文物保护单位的所有人或者使用人,应当遵守国家有关文物保护的法律、法规,接受县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门的指导和监督。
  第十三条经批准作为宗教活动场所的不可移动文物,有关宗教组织或者人员应当制定专项保护规章制度,并接受所在地县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门的指导和监督。
  第十四条文物保护单位保护范围内的土地,任何单位和个人不得非法占用。因建设项目特殊需要必须征收(用)时,建设用地单位应当按文物保护单位的级别履行报批手续。全国重点文物保护单位保护范围内的土地的征收(用),应当事先征得省人民政府的同意。省级和市、县级文物保护单位保护范围内的土地的征收(用),应事先向同级人民政府文物行政主管部门提出申请,并征得原核定公布的人民政府和省人民政府文物行政主管部门同意。
  第十五条在拆迁和工程建设过程中,任何单位和个人发现文物或者文物遗址的,应立即报告所在地县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门;负责建设、施工的单位和个人必须立即停止施工并保护现场。
  县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门接到报告后,除遇有特殊情况外,应当在三日内赶到现场,并在七日内提出处理意见。
  第十六条因建设需要,对不可移动文物必须进行迁移异地保护的,建设单位应当在报批前落实迁建地址和经费,并依照国家有关规定制定迁建保护方案,做好测绘、文字记录、登记、照相和摄像等工作。迁建工程应当与不可移动文物的落架拆卸同步进行,并由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门依法组织验收。
  第十七条在文物保护单位的保护范围内,禁止进行有损文物安全的活动,禁止存放易燃、易爆、易腐蚀物品。
  在文物保护单位的建筑物内禁止用火、禁止与文物保护无关的用电。确需用火或者安装电器设备、设施的,应当制定防火安全措施,报所在地公安机关批准,公安机关在批准前应当征求同级人民政府文物行政主管部门意见。
在文物保护单位的周围地带,应当重视保护生态环境,营造自然协调的景观。
  第十八条设区的市、县级人民政府文物行政主管部门可以在本行政区域范围内勘查、划定地下文物埋藏区,报同级人民政府核定公布。设区的市、县级人民政府文物行政主管部门应当将已核定公布的地下文物埋藏区的情况通报同级人民政府有关行政管理部门。
  在地下文物埋藏区内进行工程建设的,建设单位在取得项目选址意见书后,应当经设区的市、县级人民政府文物行政主管部门报请省人民政府文物行政主管部门组织考古调查、勘探,以及抢救性考古发掘。省人民政府文物行政主管部门应当自接到申请之日起七日内,组织有考古调查、勘探资质的单位进行考古调查、勘探;考古、勘探单位应当在三十日内完成调查、勘探。
考古调查、勘探结束后,省人民政府文物行政主管部门应当在五日内作出考古调查、勘探结果处理决定书,送达建设单位。需要考古发掘的,由省人民政府文物行政主管部门组织发掘;需要实施原址保护的,建设工程应当避开保护范围或者另行选址。
  第十九条列入世界文化遗产名录或者中国世界文化遗产预备名单的文化遗产所在地的设区的市、县级人民政府,应当制定保护规划和专项保护管理规定。保护规划依法报经批准后,由省人民政府公布。
  保护规划经批准公布后,必须严格执行,不得擅自修改;确需修改的,应当报经原批准机关批准。


  第三章水下文物的保护


  第二十条县级以上地方人民政府应当依法做好水下文物的保护工作。
本省行政区域、毗邻海域内水下文物存在损坏或者灭失危险的,所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门应当立即采取必要措施做好保护工作,并向省人民政府文物行政主管部门报告。
  第二十一条省人民政府文物行政主管部门应当组织开展水下文物遗址的调查工作。
对水下有价值的文物遗址,县级以上地方人民政府应当依法核定公布为文物保护单位,并采取相应的保护管理措施;水下文物分布范围较大,需要整体保护的,应当依法核定公布为水下文物保护区。
  第二十二条任何单位和个人在水域作业、生产活动中,发现水下文物或者水下文物遗址,应当立即停止可能危及水下文物安全的作业、生产活动,保护现场,并报告所在地县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门。
  县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门接到报告后,除遇有特殊情况外,应当在三日内赶到现场,并在七日内提出处理意见。
  有关乡(镇)人民政府和村(居)民委员会应当协助做好水下文物保护工作,及时报告水下文物保护情况。
  第二十三条在水下文物保护单位内,不得进行任何工程建设以及爆破、钻探、挖掘、捕捞、养殖、潜水等活动。
  在水下文物保护区内,禁止进行危及水下文物安全的工程建设以及爆破、钻探、挖掘、潜水等活动。因工程建设施工、渔业生产需要进行爆破、钻探、挖掘、潜水等作业的,应当在作业十日前,向所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门书面备案。备案材料包括作业目的、时间、范围、方案等内容。所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门收到备案材料后,对作业方案等内容有异议的,应当在七日内提出修改作业方案的要求。
  第二十四条任何单位或者个人不得破坏水下文物保护单位或者水下文物遗址。严禁非法打捞、哄抢水下文物等违法行为。
  单位或者个人发现前款违法行为的,应当向所在地县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门或者公安机关举报。有关部门接到举报后,应当立即处理;对举报内容属实的,可以给予奖励。
  第二十五条公安机关负责对本省行政区域毗邻海域开展巡查,防范和查处涉及海域内的水下文物的违法犯罪行为。
  公安机关发现涉及海域内的水下文物违法犯罪行为的,除依法采取必要措施外,应当及时通报所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门,所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门应当采取措施实施保护,并报告上一级人民政府文物行政主管部门。


  第四章涉台文物的保护


  第二十六条反映大陆和台湾之间政治、经济、文化等方面交流交往,体现两岸同胞同宗同源关系,并具有历史、艺术、科学价值的实物和重要史迹,应当列为涉台文物予以保护。
  第二十七条涉台文物保护应当贯彻保护为主、合理利用、分级负责、加强管理的原则,发挥涉台文物在联络海峡两岸同胞民族感情、加强海峡两岸文化交流、促进海峡两岸关系和平发展中的作用。
  第二十八条县级以上地方人民政府应当加强对涉台文物保护工作的领导,开展涉台文物调查、征集和保护工作,发掘、展示和宣传涉台文物丰富的历史文化内涵,促进海峡两岸文化交流和合作。
  开展闽台文物交流活动,主办单位或者承办单位应当向县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门提出申请,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门商同级人民政府台湾事务办事机构后,按照国家规定办理相关审批手续并备案。
  第二十九条鼓励有条件的市、县设立涉台专题博物馆、纪念馆或者在博物馆、纪念馆内设立涉台文物展区,提升博物馆、纪念馆两岸文化交流功能。
鼓励台湾同胞对涉台文物保护事业进行捐赠,或者投资涉台专题博物馆、纪念馆等涉台文物保护设施建设。
  第三十条省人民政府文物行政主管部门负责组织编制全省涉台文物保护总体规划,报省人民政府批准后组织实施。总体规划中应当明确涉台文物的保护标准和保护重点,分类、分区确定保护措施。涉台文物所在地设区的市、县级人民政府应当保障保护措施的落实。
  第三十一条县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门应当依法采取相应的措施,保护涉台文物。对具有重要涉台文化价值的文物,应当及时评估,依法核定公布为文物保护单位。
  第三十二条涉台文物相对集中、体现海峡两岸历史关系的村镇、街区,可以依法申报历史文化名镇、名村和历史文化街区。
  前款规定的历史文化名镇、名村和历史文化街区内的建设项目,应当符合保护规划的要求。新建、改建、扩建的建筑物、构筑物和修缮具有代表性的传统建筑,应当体现涉台特色,反映两岸历史关系。
 

  第五章中央苏区革命文物的保护
  第三十三条第二次国内革命战争时期中央苏区县内,具有重要纪念意义、教育意义或者史料价值的重要革命史迹、代表性建筑和文献、实物等,列为中央苏区革命文物予以保护。
  第三十四条县级以上地方人民政府应当增加经费投入,做好中央苏区革命文物保护工作,开展中央苏区革命文物保护配套设施建设和环境整治,加强对中央苏区革命文物的修缮,并确保其真实性和历史原貌。对于濒危的重要中央苏区革命文物,应当保障修缮维护经费,落实保护措施。
  第三十五条县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门应当开展中央苏区革命文物史料和实物的调查征集、保护收藏、陈列展示、建档、研究等工作,建立中央苏区革命文物信息数据库。
  第三十六条教育、文化等行政主管部门以及新闻媒体、学校应当采取多种形式,做好中央苏区革命文物的宣传教育工作,充分发挥中央苏区革命文物的社会教育作用。
县级以上地方人民政府教育行政主管部门应当将中央苏区革命文物知识列入教育内容,建立爱国主义教育基地和德育基地。
  将中央苏区革命文物开放参观游览的,应当保持和展示革命文物的历史原貌。
第三十七条非中央苏区的革命文物保护,参照本章的有关规定执行。


  第六章博物馆与馆藏文物


  第三十八条县级以上地方人民政府应当利用当地文物资源,设立体现区域、行业特点的专题博物馆。
  鼓励公民、法人或者其他组织以独资、合资、合作等形式设立博物馆。公民、法人或者其他组织设立博物馆的,县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门应当给予指导监督。
  第三十九条政府投资的博物馆、纪念馆应当向社会免费开放。县级以上地方人民政府应当将博物馆、纪念馆免费开放相关经费纳入同级财政预算,切实予以保障。
鼓励其他博物馆向社会免费或者优惠开放。
  第四十条国有文物收藏单位的文物库房和保护设施应当符合国家规范标准;未达到国家规范标准的,本级人民政府应当采取措施,限期达到规范标准。
  文物收藏单位的安全防护和消防基础设施不符合国家有关规定的,应当及时整改,并不得陈列、展示文物。
  对馆藏一级文物和其他易损毁的珍贵文物,应当设立专库或者专柜并由专人负责保管。
  第四十一条对不具备收藏珍贵文物条件的国有文物收藏单位收藏的珍贵文物,省人民政府文物行政主管部门可以指定具备条件的国有文物收藏单位代为保管。原收藏单位与保管单位的权利义务由双方协商确定。
  对不具备收藏珍贵文物条件的非国有文物收藏单位或者个人收藏的珍贵文物,可以由具备条件的文物收藏单位代为保管。保管人与寄存人之间应当订立书面保管合同。
国有文物收藏单位不得与非国有文物收藏单位交换馆藏文物。
  第四十二条确因文物保护、科学研究需要,对馆藏文物取样的,应当按照国家规定报省人民政府文物行政主管部门批准。
  第四十三条人民法院、人民检察院以及公安机关、工商行政管理部门和海关等执法部门依法没收、扣押、追缴的文物,应当自没收、扣押、追缴之日起五日内移交省人民政府文物行政主管部门指定的国有文物收藏单位暂存。
  负责暂存的国有文物收藏单位应当做好暂存文物的保护管理工作,并为相关部门取证提供方便。
案件结案后,人民法院、人民检察院以及公安机关、工商行政管理部门和海关等执法部门应当对暂存文物依法分别处理。


  第七章文物利用和市场监管


  第四十四条省人民政府文物行政主管部门应当依法开展文物商店销售文物、拍卖企业拍卖文物的审核、备案等工作。经审核允许文物商店销售的文物、拍卖企业拍卖的文物,应按照国家有关规定作出记录,并在销售、拍卖后三十日内报省人民政府文物行政主管部门备案。
  第四十五条拓印涉及下列事项的古代石刻等文物的,应当报省人民政府文物行政主管部门批准:
  (一)涉及我国疆域、外交、民族关系的古代石刻;
  (二)涉及天文、水文、地理等科学资料的石刻和未发表过的墓志铭石刻;
  (三)涉及我国书法艺术史上的名碑,以及宋和宋代以前的石刻;
  (四)涉及内容为图像的石刻、石雕和经幢等;
  (五)涉及全国重点文物保护单位的。
  拓印活动不得对各类名碑、石刻、石雕和经幢等造成损坏。
  第四十六条利用文物保护单位或者馆藏珍贵文物进行营利性、资料性电影电视拍摄的,拍摄单位应当向省人民政府文物行政主管部门提出申请,省人民政府文物行政主管部门应当自受理申请之日起十日内作出决定;涉及宗教活动场所的,拍摄单位应当事先征得该宗教活动场所和所在地县级以上地方人民政府宗教事务部门同意。
  制作考古发掘现场专题类、直播类节目的,制作单位应当报省人民政府文物行政主管部门批准。
  对国有文物收藏单位陈列展示的文物,不得进行系统拍摄和提离陈列位置拍摄。
未经省人民政府文物行政主管部门批准,任何单位和个人不得向境外提供未公开发表的文物照片和有关文物资料。
  第四十七条县级以上地方人民政府文物、工商、公安等行政部门应当依法加强文物市场监督管理,查处文物非法经营行为。


  第八章法律责任


  第四十八条违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门责令改正,造成严重后果的,处以一万元以上五万元以下的罚款:
  (一)发现文物或者文物遗址,未立即报告或者未采取有效措施保护现场的;
  (二)不可移动文物的异地迁建工程与落架拆卸未同步进行的;
  (三)擅自对馆藏文物取样的;
  (四)国有文物收藏单位与非国有文物收藏单位交换馆藏文物的。
有前款第四项情形的,同时没收非法交换的文物,对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
第四十九条违反本条例第十七条第一款、第二款规定的,由所在地公安机关责令限期改正,逾期不改正的,处以五千元以上三万元以下的罚款。对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
  第五十条违反本条例第十八条规定,未经考古调查、勘探以及抢救性考古发掘,建设单位擅自开工建设的,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门责令立即停止施工,并处以五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果的,处以二十万元以上五十万元以下的罚款,并由原发证机关吊销资质证书。
  第五十一条违反本条例第二十三条第一款规定的,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门责令立即停止作业,并处以五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果的,处以二十万元以上 五十万元以下的罚款,并由原发证机关吊销资质证书。
  违反本条例第二十三条第二款规定,逾期不备案或者不按照要求修改作业方案的,由所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门责令限期改正。未经备案擅自作业或者不按照备案方案作业的,由所在地县级人民政府文物行政主管部门责令立即停止作业,封存违法作业工具,并处以五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果的,处以二十万元以上五十万元以下的罚款,并由原发证机关吊销资质证书。
  第五十二条违反本条例第二十四条第一款规定,破坏水下文物保护单位或者水下文物遗址,非法打捞、哄抢水下文物的,由公安机关追缴文物,没收违法所得、违法作业工具,并处以五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果的,处以二十万元以上五十万元以下的罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
  第五十三条违反本条例第四十三条第一款规定,未按规定移交文物的,由其上级主管部门或者监察机关责令改正,对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分;造成文物损毁、丢失的,依法承担民事责任;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
  第五十四条违反本条例第四十五条规定的,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门处以一万元以上五万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果的,处以五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款;对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
  第五十五条违反本条例第四十六条规定的,由县级以上地方人民政府文物行政主管部门给予警告;造成严重后果的,处以五千元以上五万元以下的罚款。
  第五十六条公安机关、文物、工商行政管理、海关、城乡规划、建设等有关部门及其工作人员,违反本条例规定,滥用审批权限、不履行职责、徇私舞弊、玩忽职守,造成珍贵文物损毁或者流失的,对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

  第九章附则


  第五十七条本条例自2009年10月1日起施行。


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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版

The National People's Congress


GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's
Congress, promulgated by Order No. 37 of the President of the People's
Republic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987)

Contents
Chapter I Basic Principles
Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil
Conduct
Section 2 Guardianship
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm
Households
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social
Organization as Legal Persons
Section 4 Economic Association
Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Section 2 Agency
Chapter V Civil Rights
Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights
Section 2 Creditors' Rights
Section 3 Intellectual Property Rights
Section 4 Personal Rights
Chapter VI Civil Liability
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Civil Liability for Breach of Contract
Section 3 Civil Liability for Infringement of Rights
Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability
Chapter VII Limitation of Action
Chapter VIII Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I Basic Principles
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual
situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil
activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and
interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil
relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist
modernization.
Article 2
The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China shall adjust property
relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal
status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between
citizens and legal persons.
Article 3
Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status.
Article 4
In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making
compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed.
Article 5
The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall
be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.
Article 6
Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no
relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state
policies.
Article 7
Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harm
the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social
economic order.
Article 8
The law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities
within the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by
law.
The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners
and stateless persons within the People's Republic of China, except as
otherwise stipulated by law.

Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct.
Article 9
A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and
shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance with
the law.
Article 10
All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.
Article 11
A citizen aged 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacity
for civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shall
be called a person with full capacity for civil conduct.
A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 and whose
main source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as a person with
full capacity for civil conduct.
Article 12
A minor aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civil
conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his age and
intellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent
ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.
A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civil
conduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad
litem.
Article 13
A mentally ill person who is unable to account for his own conduct shall
be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented
in civil activities by his agent ad litem.
A mentally ill person who is unable to fully account for his own conduct
shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage
in civil activities appropriate to his mental health; in other civil
activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate
with the consent of his agent ad litem.
Article 14
The guardian of a person without or with limited capacity for civil
conduct shall be his agent ad litem.
Article 15
The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence is
registered; if his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, his
habitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.
Section 2 Guardianship
Article 16
The parents of a minor shall be his guardians.
If the parents of a minor are dead or lack the competence to be his
guardian, a person from the following categories who has the competence to
be a guardian shall act as his guardian:
(1) paternal or maternal grandparent;
(2) elder brother or sister; or
(3) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the units of the
minor's parents or from the neighbourhood or village committee in the
place of the minor's residence. In case of a dispute over guardianship,
the units of the minor's parents or the neighbourhood or village committee
in the place of his residence shall appoint a guardian from among the
minor's near relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to a
lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first two paragraphs of this article
is available to be the guardian, the units of the minor's parents, the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of the minor's residence
or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 17
A person from the following categories shall act as guardian for a
mentally ill person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct:
(1) spouse;
(2) parent;
(3) adult child;
(4) any other near relative;
(5) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the unit to which
the mentally ill person belongs or from the neighbourhood or village
committee in the place of his residence. In case of a dispute over
guardianship, the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs or the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence shall
appoint a guardian from among his near relatives. If disagreement over the
appointment leads to a lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first paragraph of this article is
available to be the guardian, the unit to which the mentally ill person
belongs, the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his
residence or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 18
A guardian shall fulfil his duty of guardianship and protect the person,
property and other lawful rights and interests of his ward. A guardian
shall not handle the property of his ward unless it is in the ward's
interests.
A guardian's rights to fulfil his guardianship in accordance with the law
shall be protected by law.
If a guardian does not fulfil his duties as guardian or infringes upon the
lawful rights and interests of his ward, he shall be held responsible; if
a guardian causes any property loss for his ward, he shall compensate for
such loss. The people's court may disqualify a guardian based on the
application of a concerned party or unit.
Article 19
A person who shares interests with a mental patient may apply to a
people's court for a declaration that the mental patient is a person
without or with limited capacity for civil conduct.
With the recovery of the health of a person who has been declared by a
people's court to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct,
and upon his own application or that of an interested person, the people's
court may declare him to be a person with limited or full capacity for
civil conduct.
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Article 20
If a citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years, an interested
person may apply to a people's court for a declaration of the citizen as
missing.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 21
A missing person's property shall be placed in the custody of his spouse,
parents, adult children or other closely connected relatives or friends.
In case of a dispute over custody, if the persons stipulated above are
unavailable or are incapable of taking such custody, the property shall be
placed in the custody of a person appointed by the people's court. Any
taxes, debts and other unpaid expenses owed by a missing person shall
defrayed by the custodian out of the missing person's property.
Article 22
In the event that a person who has been declared missing reappears or his
whereabouts are ascertained, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
missing-person status.
Article 23
Under either of the following circumstances, an interested person may
apply to the people's court for a declaration of a citizen's death:
(1) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for four years or
(2) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years after the
date of an accident in which he was involved.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 24
In the event that a person who has been declared dead reappears or it is
ascertained that he is alive, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
death.
Any civil juristic acts performed by a person with capacity for civil
conduct during the period in which he has been declared dead shall be
valid.
Article 25
A person shall have the right to request the return of his property, if
the declaration of his death has been revoked. Any citizen or organization
that has obtained such property in accordance with the Law of Succession
shall return the original items or make appropriate compensation if the
original items no longer exist.
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households
Article 26
"Individual businesses" refers to business run by individual citizens who
have been lawfully registered and approved to engage in industrial or
commercial operation within the sphere permitted by law. An individual
business may adopt a shop name.
Article 27
"Leaseholding farm households" refers to members of a rural collective
economic organization who engage in commodity production under a contract
and within the spheres permitted by law.
Article 28
The legitimate rights and interests of individual businesses and
leaseholding farm households shall be protected by law.
Article 29
The debts of an individual business or a leaseholding farm household shall
be secured with the individual's property if the business is operated by
an individual and with the family's property if the business is operated
by a family.
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Article 30
"Individual partnership" refers to two or more citizens associated in a
business and working together, with each providing funds, material
objects, techniques and so on according to an agreement.
Article 31
Partners shall make a written agreement covering the funds each is to
provide, the distribution of profits, the responsibility for debts, the
entering into and withdrawal from partnership, the ending of partnership
and other such matters.
Article 32
The property provided by the partners shall be under their unified
management and use. The property accumulated in a partnership operation
shall belong to all the partners.
Article 33
An individual partnership may adopt a shop name; it shall be approved and
registered in accordance with the law and conduct business operations
within the range as approved and registered.
Article 34
The operational activities of an individual partnership shall be decided
jointly by the partners, who each shall have the right to carry out and
supervise those activities. The partners may elect a responsible person.
All partners shall bear civil liability for the operational activities of
the responsible person and other personnel.
Article 35
A partnership's debts shall be secured with the partners' property in
proportion to their respective contributions to the investment or
according to the agreement made. Partners shall undertake joint liability
for their partnership's debts, except as otherwise stipulated by law. Any
partner who overpays his share of the partnership's debts shall have the
right to claim compensation from the other partners.

Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Article 36
A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights
and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and
assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law.
A legal person's capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct
shall begin when the legal person is established and shall end when the
legal person terminates.
Article 37
A legal person shall have the following qualifications:
(1) establishment in accordance with the law;
(2) possession of the necessary property or funds;
(3) possession of its own name, organization and premises; and
(4) ability to independently bear civil liability.
Article 38
In accordance with the law or the articles of association of the legal
person, the responsible person who acts on behalf of the legal person in
exercising its functions and powers shall be its legal representative.
Article 39
A legal person's domicile shall be the place where its main administrative
office is located.
Article 40
When a legal person terminates, it shall go into liquidation in accordance
with the law and discontinue all other activities.
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Article 41
An enterprise owned by the whole people or under collective ownership
shall be qualified as a legal person when it has sufficient funds as
stipulated by the state; has articles of association, an organization and
premises; has the ability to independently bear civil liability; and has
been approved and registered by the competent authority. A Chinese-
foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or
foreign-capital enterprise established within the People's Republic of
China shall be qualified as a legal person in China if it has the
qualifications of a legal person and has been approved and registered by
the administrative agency for industry and commerce in according with the
law.
Article 42
An enterprise as legal person shall conduct operations within the range
approved and registered.
Article 43
An enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability for the
operational activities of its legal representatives and other personnel.
Article 44
If an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged or undergoes any
other important change, it shall register the change with the registration
authority and publicly announce it.
When an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged, its rights and
obligations shall be enjoyed and assumed by the new legal person that
results from the change.
Article 45
An enterprise as legal person shall terminate for any of the following
reasons:
(1) if it is dissolved by law;
(2) if it is disbanded;
(3) if it is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law; or
(4) for other reasons.
Article 46
When an enterprise as legal person terminates, it shall cancel its
registration with the registration authority and publicly announce the
termination.
Article 47
When an enterprise as legal person is disbanded, it shall establish a
liquidation organization and go into liquidation. When an enterprise as
legal person is dissolved or is declared bankrupt, the competent authority
or a people's court shall organize the organs and personnel concerned to
establish a liquidation organization to liquidate the enterprise.
Article 48
An enterprise owned by the whole people, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property that the state authorizes it to manage. An
enterprise under collective ownership, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property it owns. A Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or foreign-capital
enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability with the property it
owns, except as stipulated otherwise by law.
Article 49
Under any of the following circumstances, an enterprise as legal person
shall bear liability, its legal representative may additionally be given
administrative sanctions and fined and, if the offence constitutes a
crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with
the law:
(1) conducting illegal operations beyond the range approved and registered
by the registration authority;
(2) concealing facts from the registration and tax authorities and
practising fraud;
(3) secretly withdrawing funds or hiding property to evade repayment of
debts;
(4) disposing of property without authorization after the enterprise is
dissolved, disbanded or declared bankrupt;
(5) failing to apply for registration and make a public announcement
promptly when the enterprise undergoes a change or terminates, thus
causing interested persons to suffer heavy losses;
(6) engaging in other activities prohibited by law, damaging the interests
of the state or the public interest.
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social Organization as Legal
Person
Article 50
An independently funded official organ shall be qualified as a legal
person on the day it is established.
If according to law an institution or social organization having the
qualifications of a legal person needs not go through the procedures for
registering as a legal person, it shall be qualified as a legal person on
the day it is established; if according to law it does need to go through
the registration procedures, it shall be qualified as a legal person after
being approved and registered.
Section 4 Economic Association
Article 51
If a new economic entity is formed by enterprises or an enterprise and an
institution that engage in economic association and it independently bears
civil liability and has the qualifications of a legal person, the new
entity shall be qualified as a legal person after being approved and
registered by the competent authority.
Article 52
If the enterprises or an enterprise and an institution that engage in
economic association conduct joint operation but do not have the
qualifications of a legal person, each party to the association shall, in
proportion to its respective contribution to the investment or according
to the agreement made, bear civil liability with the property each party
owns or manages. If joint liability is specified by law or by agreement,
the parties shall assume joint liability.
Article 53
If the contract for economic association of enterprises or of an
enterprise and an institution specifies that each party shall conduct
operations independently, it shall stipulate the rights and obligations of
each party, and each party shall bear civil liability separately.

Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Article 54
A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person
to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.
Article 55
A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:
(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;
(2) the intention expressed is genuine; and
(3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.
Article 56
A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form. If the law
stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be
observed.
Article 57
A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted. The
actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law
or with the other party's consent.
Article 58
Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:
(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;
(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a
person with limited capacity for civil conduct;
(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of
cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the
other party;
(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to
the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;
(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;
(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans; and
(7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal
illegitimate purposes. Civil acts that are null and void shall not be
legally binding from the very beginning.
Article 59
A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration
agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:
(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents
of the acts;
(2) those that are obviously unfair.
Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.
Article 60
If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity
of other parts.
Article 61
After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been
rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall
return it to the party who suffered a loss. The erring party shall
compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the
act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share
of the responsibility.
If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that
is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third
party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned
over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party.
Article 62
A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil
juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.
Section 2 Agency
Article 63
Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents
An agent shall perform civil juristic acts in the principal's name within
the scope of the power of agency. The principal shall bear civil liability
for the agent's acts of agency. Civil juristic acts that should be
performed by the principal himself, pursuant to legal provisions or the
agreement between the two parties, shall not be entrusted to an agent.
Article 64
Agency shall include entrusted agency, statutory agency and appointed
agency. An entrusted agent shall exercise the power of agency as
entrusted by the principal; a statutory agent shall exercise the power of
agency as prescribed by law; and an appointed agent shall exercise the
power of agency as designated by a people's court or the appointing unit.
Article 65
A civil juristic act may be entrusted to an agent in writing or orally. If
legal provisions require the entrustment to be written, it shall be
effected in writing. Where the entrustment of agency is in writing, the
power of attorney shall clearly state the agent's name, the entrusted
tasks and the scope and duration of the power of agency, and it shall be
signed or sealed by the principal.
If the power of attorney is not clear as to the authority conferred, the
principal shall bear civil liability towards the third party, and the
agent shall be held jointly liable.
Article 66
The principal shall bear civil liability for an act performed by an actor
with no power of agency, beyond the scope of his power of agency or after
his power of agency has expired, only if he recognizes the act
retroactively. If the act is not so recognized, the performer shall bear
civil liability for it. If a principal is aware that a civil act is being
executed in his name but fails to repudiate it, his consent shall be
deemed to have been given.
An agent shall bear civil liability if he fails to perform his duties and
thus causes damage to the principal.
If an agent and a third party in collusion harm the principal's interests,
the agent and the third party shall be held jointly liable.
If a third party is aware that an actor has no power of agency, is
overstepping his power of agency, or his power of agency has expired and
yet joins him in a civil act and thus brings damage to other people, the
third party and the actor shall be held jointly liable.
Article 67
If an agent is aware that the matters entrusted are illegal but still
carries them out, or if a principal is aware that his agent's acts are
illegal but fails to object to them, the principal and the agent shall be
held jointly liable.
Article 68
If in the principal's interests an entrusted agent needs to transfer the

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关于印发《矿山事故灾难应急预案》等6项部门应急预案的通知

国家安全生产监督管理总局


安监总应急〔2006〕229号


关于印发《矿山事故灾难应急预案》等6项部门应急预案的通知


国务院有关部门,各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团安全生产监督管理局,各省级煤矿安全监察机构:

  我局制定的《矿山事故灾难应急预案》、《危险化学品事故灾难应急预案》、《陆上石油天然气储运事故灾难应急预案》、《陆上石油天然气开采事故灾难应急预案》和《海洋石油天然气作业事故灾难应急预案》等5项部门预案已经国务院审查同意,《冶金事故灾难应急预案》已经总局审查批准。现予印发,自印发之日起实施。

  附件:1.矿山事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-1.pdf
   2.危险化学品事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-2.pdf
   3.陆上石油天然气储运事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-3.pdf
   4.陆上石油天然气开采事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-4.pdf
  5.海洋石油天然气作业事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-5.pdf
  6.冶金事故灾难应急预案
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/files/f2004/202234-6.pdf
二〇〇六年十月三十一日


 


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